Regulatory roles of miR-155 and let-7b on the expression of inflammation-related genes in THP-1 cells: effects of fatty acids

The main aim of this investigation was to study the regulatory roles of let-7b and miR-155-3p on the expression of inflammation-associated genes in monocytes, macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages (AcM). A second goal was to analyze the potential modulatory roles of different fatty acids, including oleic, palmitic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA), on the expression of these miRNAs in the three cell types. This hypothesis was tested in human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1), which were differentiated into macrophages with 2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and further activated with LPS for 24 h. Monocytes, macrophages, and AcM were transfected with a negative control, or mimics for miR-155-3p and miR-let-7b-5p. The expression of both miRNAs and some proinflammatory genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, let-7b mimic reduced the expression of IL6 and TNF in monocytes, and SERPINE1 expression in LPS-activated macrophages. However, IL6, TNF, and SERPINE1 were upregulated in macrophages by let-7b mimic. IL6 expression was higher in the three types of cells after transfecting with miR-155-3p mimic. Similarly, expression of SERPINE1 was increased by miR-155-3p mimic in monocytes and macrophages. However, TLR4 was downregulated by miR-155-3p in monocytes and macrophages. Regarding the effects of the different fatty acids, oleic acid increased the expression of let-7b in macrophages and AcM and also increased the expression of miR-155 in monocytes when compared with DHA but not when compared with non-treated cells. Overall, these results suggest anti- and proinflammatory roles of let-7b and miR-155-3p in THP-1 cells, respectively, although these outcomes are strongly dependent on the cell type. Noteworthy, oleic acid might exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells (i.e., non-activated and LPS-activated macrophages) by upregulating the expression of let-7b

Critérios para a qualificação da informação de mortalidade no estado de São Paulo e no Brasil / Criteria for the classification of mortality data in the state of São Paulo and Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o aprimoramento das informaçoes em saúde recurso estratégico na gestão, planejamento e avaliação do sistema estadual e municipal de saúde no estado de São Paulo...

Human ration does not alter weight and body composition, but improves the lipid profile of overweight woman / Ración humana no modifica el peso ni la composición corporal pero mejora el perfil lipídico de mujeres con sobrepeso

Background: In Brazil, a mixture of cereals known as "Human Ration" (HR) has been consumed as a substitute for meals due to effects in satiation and weight loss. Methods: This paper evaluated the effect of HR consumption for 45 days as a breakfast replacement, on body composition, biochemical profile and eating behavior in women (n = 20) between 18-45 years old and with BMI between 27-35 kg/m2. Results: The intake of HR did not promote significant changes in the body composition as well as in the mean serum values of glucose, HDL, VLDL, TC/HDL, AST and ALT. However, a significant change was noticed in the levels of TC, LDL and triglycerides (p < 0.05). Average daily intake of calories and macronutrients of the volunteers during the period of HR consumption did not differ from their habitual ingestion (p > 0.05). Regarding the consumption of total fibers, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in intake at breakfast during the period of HR consumption when compared to the usual intake. The consumption of HR did not intervene in the sensations of satiation, hunger and prospective intake among the subjects, presenting only instantaneous significant alterations throughout the study. Conclusion: The results are clinically relevant, since they may contribute to the reduction of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (AU)

Introducción: En Brasil, una mezcla de cereales conocidos como "Ração Humana" (HR) se ha consumido como sustituto de las comidas debido a los efectos en la saciedad y en la pérdida de peso. Métodos: Se evaluó el efecto del consumo de HR durante 45 días, sustituyendo el desayuno, en la composición corporal, perfil bioquímico y en la conducta alimentaria en mujeres (n = 20) entre 18-45 años de edad y con IMC entre 27-35 kg/m2. Resultados: La ingesta de HR no promovió cambios significativos en la composición corporal, así como en los valores medios de glucosa, colesterol HDL, VLDL, CT/HDL, AST y ALT en el suero. Sin embargo, se observaron cambios significativos en las concentraciones de CT, LDL y los triglicéridos (p < 0,05). La ingesta media diaria de calorias y macronutrientes de los voluntarios durante el periodo de consumo de HR no difirieron de su ingesta habitual (p > 0,05). Respecto al consumo de fibras total, se observó un aumento significativo sólo para el desayuno (p < 0,05) en el periodo de consumo de HR en comparación con la ingesta habitual. El consumo de la HR no intervino en las sensaciones de saciedad, en el hambre y en la ingesta prospectiva entre los sujetos, presentando solamente alteraciones significativas durante todo el estudio. Conclusión: Los resultados son clínicamente relevantes, ya que pueden contribuir a la reducción de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (AU)

Obstrucción intestinal tras ingesta accidental de una pelota de espuma / Intestinal occlusion after accidental ingestion of a foamrubber ball

La ingestión de cuerpos extraños es un hecho frecuente en la infancia, aunque puede presentarse a cualquier edad, generalmente en relación con patologías neurológicas o psiquiátricas. No por ello debemos descartarla en personas sin dichos antecedentes, teniendo en cuenta que, aunque la mayoría de dichos cuerpos extraños avanzan por el tubo digestivo sin inconvenientes, un número no despreciable, son potencialmente peligrosos y pueden requerir un conducta terapéutica agresiva. Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven, sin antecedentes de interés, que debutó inicialmente con varios episodios de dolor abdominal etiquetados de patología banal y que finalmente desarrolló un cuadro oclusivo intestinal de etiología no filiada. Los estudios iconográficos no determinaron inicialmente la causa, y finalmente una colonoscopia fue la prueba diagnóstica y terapéutica de la misma, la ingestión accidental de una pelota de espuma (AU)

Foreign object ingestion is a common event during childhood, though it can also be seen at any age, generally in association with neurological or psychiatric disturbances. Nevertheless, this possibility should not be ruled out in people without a suggestive history, considering that even though most of those foreign objects progress down the digestive tract without difficulty, a far from negligible amount are potentially dangerous and may even require an aggressive therapeutic approach. We present the case of a young woman, with no past medical or surgical history, who initially presented with several episodes of abdominal pain that were diagnosed as non-specific, and finally developed an intestinal occlusion of unknown etiology. Initially, the iconographic studies did not reveal any cause; a colonoscopy was finally performed, which was both diagnostic (accidental swallowing of a foam-rubber ball) and therapeutic (AU)

Sedación en las Unidades de Endoscopia de Galicia. Resultados de la encuesta de la Sociedad Gallega de Patología Digestiva / Sedation at Endoscopic Units in Galicia: results of the “Sociedad Gallega de Patología Digestiva” inquiry

Objetivo: evaluar los medios materiales y humanos disponiblespara la sedación y el modo habitual de manejarla en las unidadesde endoscopia de Galicia.Métodos: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, basado en la realización,distribución y análisis de una encuesta sobre práctica clínica.Se solicitó información sobre las exploraciones realizadas, losmedios disponibles para la sedación, el modo de controlarla y elnivel de sedación usado y deseable en cada exploración.Resultados: la encuesta fue respondida por veinte unidades deendoscopia (trece de titularidad pública y once realizaban exploracionesde alta complejidad). El 80% de las unidades estaban dotadasde pulsioximetría, el 42% de monitorización electrocardiográfica, el40% de defibrilador y finalmente, el 45% de sala de recuperación.El fármaco más utilizado en las gastroscopias fue el midazolam(76%) siendo la asociación midazolam-meperidina la sedación másutilizada en las colonoscopias (72%) y la CPRE (60%). El anestesistaestaba disponible para determinadas exploraciones de forma habitualen el 15%, y de forma excepcional en el 65% de las unidades.El 35% de los encuestados desearía tener un anestesista en la unidada tiempo completo, el 25% sólo para exploraciones determinadasy el 35% sólo para casos excepcionales. Finalmente, los encuestadosconsideran que es necesario algún grado de sedación en el83% de las gastroscopias terapéuticas, en el 87% de las colonoscopiasterapéuticas, en el 98% de las CPRE, en el 95% de las enteroscopiasy en el 98% de las ecoendoscopias.Conclusiones: aunque los endoscopistas consideran que losprocedimientos endoscópicos deben ser sedados en una proporciónelevada, en algunas unidades los medios disponibles paramonitorizar con seguridad a los pacientes son insuficientes

Aim: to evaluate the human and material resources availablefor sedation, and the usual manner of handling them at endoscopicunits in Galicia.Methods: a prospective and descriptive study based on theperformance, distribution, and analysis of a clinical practice inquiry.We requested information about endoscopies performed,available means for sedation, sedation monitoring, and level of sedationused in each procedure.Results: our inquiry was answered by twenty endoscopic units(thirteen were in public hospitals, and eleven performed complexprocedures). Of these units, 80% had a pulse oximeter, 42% hadcontinuous electrocardiography, 40% had a defibrillator, and 45%had a recovery area. The drug most commonly used in gastroscopieswas midazolam (76%), and the combination midazolammeperidinewas most frequent in both colonoscopies (72%) andERCPs (60%). An anesthesiologist was usually available for certainprocedures in 15% of units, and as an exception in 65%. Of thoseinquired, 35% wished to have a full-time anesthesiologist in theunit, 25% wished to have an anesthetist only for certain procedures,and 35% on an exceptional basis. Finally, endoscopistsconsidered that 83% of therapeutical gastroscopies, 87% of therapeuticalcolonoscopies, 98% of ERCPs, 95% of enteroscopies,and 98% of echoendoscopies deserved sedation.Conclusions: although endoscopists consider that endoscopicprocedures should benefit from sedation in a high proportion,the available resources to safely monitor patients are inadequatein some units